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Maghera

Coordinates: 54°50′38″N 6°40′23″W / 54.844°N 6.673°W / 54.844; -6.673
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This article is about the town of Maghera, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. For other uses, see Maghera (disambiguation).

Maghera
Maghera Town Centre
Maghera is located in Northern Ireland
Maghera
Maghera
Location within Northern Ireland
Population4,235 (2021 census)
District
CountryNorthern Ireland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMAGHERA
Postcode districtBT46
Dialling code028
PoliceNorthern Ireland
FireNorthern Ireland
AmbulanceNorthern Ireland
UK Parliament
NI Assembly
List of places
UK
Northern Ireland
54°50′38″N 6°40′23″W / 54.844°N 6.673°W / 54.844; -6.673
Galwilly Bridge Over The Milltown Burn Located Outside Maghera in Glen Housing Estate.

Maghera (/ˌmæhəˈrɑː, ˌmækəˈrɑː/ MA-hə-RAH, MAK-ə-RAH; from Irish Machaire Rátha, meaning 'plain of the ringfort') is a small town at the foot of the Glenshane Pass in Northern Ireland. Its population was 4,235 in the 2021 census.[2] Formerly in the barony of Loughinsholin within the historic County Londonderry, it is today in the local-government district of Mid-Ulster.

History

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The town dates back at least to the 6th century to the monastery founded by Saint Lurach whose family were possibly evangelised by Saint Patrick. The Annals of Ulster say that the seat of the Cenél nEoghain was at Ráth Luraig in Maghera. Standing upon the site of the monastery, the present day ruins of St. Lurach's Church date back to the 10th century. They include, over a doorway, a relief of the crucifixion, possibly the oldest in Ireland.[3] The crucification lintel is reproduced in the contemporary Catholic church, St Mary's.

The old church and town were burned in the 12th century. Afterwards, Maghera became the seat of the Bishopric of Cinél nEógain with a cathedral church.[4] In 1246 its bishop, Germanus O'Carolan (Gilla in Choimded Ó Cerbailláin), pleading the remoteness of Maghera, obtained sanction from Pope Innocent IV to have the see transferred to Derry.[5]

As a result of the Plantation of Ulster and of the Rebellion of 1641 which drove out many of the first English families, Maghera and district attracted Scottish settlers. They came into conflict not only with the dispossessed Irish, but as tenants and as Presbyterians also with the land-owning, Church of Ireland, Ascendancy. A result was large-scale emigration to the American colonies (Charles Thomson, recording himself as from Maghera, signed the Declaration of Independence)[6] and, in the 1790s, the organising of the United Irishmen.

Despairing of reform, and determined to make common cause with their Catholic neighbours, on 7 June 1798 the United Irishmen mustered upwards of 5,000 men in Maghera. But the poorly armed host broke up the following morning on news of the rebel defeat at Antrim and the approach of government troops. A Presbyterian church elder, Watty Graham, was executed for his part, and his head was paraded through the town. His minister, John Glendy, was forced into American exile.[7][8]

On 12 July 1830, Orange Order and Ribbonmen clashed over demonstrations the Orange Order held in Maghera and Castledawson. Several Catholic homes were burnt by Protestants in the aftermath.[9] Some repair of sectarian relations was achieved by an active tenant right movement, but with tenant purchase of land facilitated by the Land Acts by the end of the century the national question prevailed. Politically the town has remained split between nationalists, now in the majority, and unionists.

The Great Famine of the 1840s and the years that followed, resulted in a since unrecovered loss of population in the surrounding rural districts. In 2003 the Ancient Order of Hibernians erected a headstone to make the "Famine Plot" were local victims were buried.[10]

In the early 20th century, the town itself was relatively prosperous. With its own railway station, an embroidery factory, a busy weekly market and close proximity to Clark's linen mill in Upperlands, it was one of two major towns within Magherafelt Rural District. The town also benefited from post-war advances in education, housing and transport. Separate primary and secondary schools were built for Catholics and Protestants in the 1960s; new housing estates were constructed and motor cars forced a widening of many of the town's narrow streets[11]

Main article: The Troubles in Maghera

Maghera suffered violence during the Troubles. Over the three decades from the end of the 1960s a total of 14 people were killed in or near the village Maghera, half of them members of the security forces and a further two as a result of family membership of the Ulster Defence Regiment. The Provisional Irish Republican Army were responsible for ten of the deaths. Two, including a Sinn Féin councillor, were killed by loyalist paramilitaries.[12]

From what was possibly a low of 879 in 1910[13] Maghera population has risen in the course of a century to a census figure in 2011 of 4,220. Reflecting European Union employment in local food processing, 213 residents in 2011 did not have English as a first language.[14]

Governance

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The village was administered by Londonderry County Council from 1899 until the abolition of county councils in Northern Ireland in 1973.[15] Since 2011, the town is part of the Mid-Ulster District Council. It is located within the Carntogher district electoral area (DLE) which contains the areas Lower Glenshane, Swatragh, Tamlaght O'Crilly, Valley and Maghera.[16] In the 2015 district elections, Carntogher DLE elected three Sinn Féin, one SDLP and one DUP representatives to the council.

Churches

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  • Old St Lurach's Church, a church dating to the 10th century which has one of the oldest depictions of the crucifixion in Ireland.[17]
  • St Lurach's Church, which is the site of the local Church of Ireland congregation.
  • St Mary's Catholic Church one of two catholic churches in the town.
  • Maghera Presbyterian Church, which is a reformed church. The current building dates from at least 1843
  • St Patrick's Church, Glen. The older Catholic Church on the outskirts of the town.
  • Maghera Elim Church
St. Mary's RC Church, Maghera
Maghera Church of Ireland

Demographics

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2021 Census

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On Census Day (21 March 2021) the usually resident population of Maghera (Mid Ulster Lgd) Settlement was 4,235.[2] Of these:

  • 22.57% were aged under 16, 61.94% were aged between 16 and 65, and 15.49% were aged 66 and over.[18]
  • 51.17% of the usually resident population were female, and 48.83% were male.[19]
  • 78.04% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion, 18.14% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion, 0.16% belong to or were brought up in an 'other' religion, and 3.66% did not belong to or weren't brought up with any religion.[20]
  • 19.24% indicated that they had a British national identity,[21] 55.84% had an Irish national identity[22] and 24.16% had a Northern Irish national identity.[23] Respondents could select more than one nationality.
  • 24.27% had some knowledge of Irish.[24]
  • 6.49% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots.[25]

2011 Census

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On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Maghera (Magherafelt Lgd) Settlement was 4,220 accounting for 0.23% of the NI total.[26][27] increasing from 3,711 in the 2001 Census.[28]

  • 99.55% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group.
  • 74.86% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 22.61% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion.
  • 22.56% indicated that they had a British national identity, 48.82% had an Irish national identity and 27.44% had a Northern Irish national identity.
  • 21.23% had some knowledge of Irish
  • 6.46% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots
  • 5.06% did not have English as their first language.

Transport

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The Northern Counties Committee's Derry Central Railway had a station in Maghera. Maghera railway station opened on 18 December 1880, shut for passenger traffic on 28 August 1950 and shut altogether on 1 October 1959 when the Ulster Transport Authority closed the Derry Central.[29] The station building is now part of the Mid Ulster Garden Centre.

Maghera Goods Shed, now at Downpatrick railway station on the Downpatrick and County Down Railway.

Ulsterbus runs routes through Maghera, which includes the 116/a/b/d to Kilrea, Coleraine and Magherafelt, 212 from Belfast to Derry, 246 to Limavady and Eglinton and 278 from Monaghan to Portrush.

Notable people

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1700s

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1800s

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1900s

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Schools

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There are three primary schools and one secondary school in Maghera.

Primary schools

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  • St Mary's Primary School, Glenview
  • Maghera Controlled Primary School
  • St Patrick's Primary School, Glen

Secondary school

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Sport

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References

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  1. ^ The Online Scots Dictionary Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  2. ^ a b "Settlement 2015". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  3. ^ "St. Lurach's Church – Mid Ulster District Council". Mid Ulster Council. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  4. ^ "Home – Maghera Historical Society". Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Diocese of Derry, Northern Ireland". GCatholic. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  6. ^ Macafee, William (2009). "Researching Derry and Londonderry Ancestors: Historical Background" (PDF).
  7. ^ Morrison, A. K. (1907). "John Glendy, of Maghera, Co. Derry, Presbyterian Minister and Patriot, 1798". Ulster Journal of Archaeology. 13 (3): (101–105) 103. ISSN 0082-7355. JSTOR 20608633.
  8. ^ Courtney, Roger (2013). Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 90, 108–109. ISBN 9781909556065.
  9. ^ "Parades and Marches – Chronology 2: Historical Dates and Events". Conflict Archive on the Internet. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  10. ^ "Maghera Parish | Parish History". magheraparishderry.com. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  11. ^ Bryson, A. (2007). 'Whatever You Say, Say Nothing': Researching Memory & Identity in Mid-Ulster 1945–1969'. Oral History, 35(2), (45–56), 46.
  12. ^ "CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths". Ulster University. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  13. ^ "Ulster Towns Directory, 1910: Maghera, County Derry". libraryireland.com. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  14. ^ Agency, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research. "statistics". ninis2.nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972". Legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  16. ^ "Mid-Ulster District Council". Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  17. ^ "St Lurach's Church – Historic Site in Maghera, Northern Ireland". Visit Mid Ulster. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  18. ^ "Age". NISRA. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  19. ^ "Sex (MS-A07)". NISRA. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  20. ^ "Religion or religion brought up in". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  21. ^ "National Identity (British)". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  22. ^ "National Identity (Irish)". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  23. ^ "National Identity (Northern Irish)". NISRA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  24. ^ "Knowledge of Irish". NISRA. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  25. ^ "Knowledge of Ulster-Scots". NISRA. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  26. ^ "Census 2011 Population Statistics for Maghera (Magherafelt Lgd) Settlement". NISRA. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  27. ^ "Census 2011 Usually Resident Population: KS101NI – Table view". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). p. 6. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  28. ^ "Census 2001 Usually Resident Population: KS01 (Settlements) – Table view". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). p. 5. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  29. ^ "Maghera station" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
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